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entire Congress

  • 1 entire Congress

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > entire Congress

  • 2 entire Congress

    Конгрес ( США) протягом всього терміну повноважень; Конгрес ( США) у повному складі

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > entire Congress

  • 3 entire Congress

    конгресс в полном составе; конгресс в течение всего срока его правомочий

    Англо-русский юридический словарь > entire Congress

  • 4 Congress

    - entire Congress
    - full Congress
    - investigating Congress
    - last Congress

    Англо-русский юридический словарь > Congress

  • 5 entire

    неподільний (про договір тощо); у повному складі ( про законодавчий орган); протягом всього терміну повноважень ( про законодавчий орган)
    - entirety
    - entire Congress
    - entire contract
    - entire record
    - entirely voluntary absence
    - entirety of ownership

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > entire

  • 6 конгресс в полном составе

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > конгресс в полном составе

  • 7 конгресс в течение всего срока его правомочий

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > конгресс в течение всего срока его правомочий

  • 8 global

    adj.
    global, overall.
    * * *
    1 global, comprehensive, overall
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) [en conjunto] [cantidad, resultado] overall, total; [investigación, análisis] comprehensive
    2) (=mundial) global
    * * *
    a) (total, general) < informe> full, comprehensive; < resultado> overall; <precio/cantidad> total; <visión/estudio> global
    b) ( mundial) global

    repercusiones globales — global o worldwide repercussions

    c) (Inf) global
    * * *
    = all-embracing, global, holistic, overall, sweeping, umbrella, inclusive, pervasive, all-encompassing, overriding, systemic, overarching, all-inclusive, wide-angle(d), embracing, encompassing.
    Ex. Some databases are very all-embracing in their coverage and attempt to provide comprehensive coverage of entire disciplines.
    Ex. Any change made to a primary heading could be made to have a global effect on the entire authority file and hence the catalog.
    Ex. Intradisciplinary citation analysis reveals that the 'holistic' study of man appears to be only a rhetorical claim.
    Ex. There is not necessarily any overall plan for the development and maintenance of the schedules.
    Ex. Such a statement of objectives may appear narrowly defined in its practices and yet, at the same time, rather sweeping in its assumptions.
    Ex. This article describes how an ' umbrella licence' was obtained covering a group of libraries within the region.
    Ex. A collective title is a title proper that is an inclusive title for an item containing several works.
    Ex. The unease is pervasive, not an occasional outcropping of discontent.
    Ex. In publishing itself there is little use made of the all-encompassing schemes such as Dewey or the Library of Congress.
    Ex. Consequently, the overriding demand made by the academic community is bibliographical in nature.
    Ex. There is a need for an examination of the whole process of information dissemination from a 'systemic' framework.
    Ex. There appears to be an unhealthy tendency among information technology professionals to elevate any single, highly successful practical experience instantly into an overarching paradigm for managerial success.
    Ex. It is not an all-inclusive listing of materials on this topic.
    Ex. Except for the principal no one besides the librarian has such a wide-angle view of the school's instructional programme.
    Ex. What is needed is an embracing approach to guarantee freedom for Palestine and legitimacy for Israel.
    Ex. By drawing Russia into an encompassing coalition with Europe and other powers, the risk of conflict will be diminished.
    ----
    * aldea global, la = global village, the.
    * búsqueda global = comprehensive search.
    * cantidad global = lump sum.
    * como unidad global = as a whole.
    * concepción global = gestalt.
    * dar una visión global = give + overview, overview.
    * de forma global = holistically.
    * de manera global = holistically.
    * descripción global = outline.
    * presentar una visión global = present + an overview, overview.
    * suma global = lump sum.
    * término global = umbrella.
    * * *
    a) (total, general) < informe> full, comprehensive; < resultado> overall; <precio/cantidad> total; <visión/estudio> global
    b) ( mundial) global

    repercusiones globales — global o worldwide repercussions

    c) (Inf) global
    * * *
    = all-embracing, global, holistic, overall, sweeping, umbrella, inclusive, pervasive, all-encompassing, overriding, systemic, overarching, all-inclusive, wide-angle(d), embracing, encompassing.

    Ex: Some databases are very all-embracing in their coverage and attempt to provide comprehensive coverage of entire disciplines.

    Ex: Any change made to a primary heading could be made to have a global effect on the entire authority file and hence the catalog.
    Ex: Intradisciplinary citation analysis reveals that the 'holistic' study of man appears to be only a rhetorical claim.
    Ex: There is not necessarily any overall plan for the development and maintenance of the schedules.
    Ex: Such a statement of objectives may appear narrowly defined in its practices and yet, at the same time, rather sweeping in its assumptions.
    Ex: This article describes how an ' umbrella licence' was obtained covering a group of libraries within the region.
    Ex: A collective title is a title proper that is an inclusive title for an item containing several works.
    Ex: The unease is pervasive, not an occasional outcropping of discontent.
    Ex: In publishing itself there is little use made of the all-encompassing schemes such as Dewey or the Library of Congress.
    Ex: Consequently, the overriding demand made by the academic community is bibliographical in nature.
    Ex: There is a need for an examination of the whole process of information dissemination from a 'systemic' framework.
    Ex: There appears to be an unhealthy tendency among information technology professionals to elevate any single, highly successful practical experience instantly into an overarching paradigm for managerial success.
    Ex: It is not an all-inclusive listing of materials on this topic.
    Ex: Except for the principal no one besides the librarian has such a wide-angle view of the school's instructional programme.
    Ex: What is needed is an embracing approach to guarantee freedom for Palestine and legitimacy for Israel.
    Ex: By drawing Russia into an encompassing coalition with Europe and other powers, the risk of conflict will be diminished.
    * aldea global, la = global village, the.
    * búsqueda global = comprehensive search.
    * cantidad global = lump sum.
    * como unidad global = as a whole.
    * concepción global = gestalt.
    * dar una visión global = give + overview, overview.
    * de forma global = holistically.
    * de manera global = holistically.
    * descripción global = outline.
    * presentar una visión global = present + an overview, overview.
    * suma global = lump sum.
    * término global = umbrella.

    * * *
    1 (total, general) ‹informe› full, comprehensive; ‹resultado› overall; ‹precio/cantidad› total; ‹visión/estudio› global
    cantidad global a abonar total amount due
    un panorama global de la literatura latinoamericana contemporánea a global perspective o an overall picture of contemporary Latin American literature
    2 (mundial) global
    repercusiones globales global o worldwide repercussions
    3 ( Inf) global
    * * *

    global adjetivo
    global;
    ‹ informe› full, comprehensive;
    ‹ resultado› overall;
    ‹precio/cantidad› total
    global adjetivo
    1 (en conjunto) comprehensive
    una visión global del asunto, a global view of the matter
    2 (mundial) global: la Tierra está sufriendo un calentamiento global, the Earth is undergoing global warming
    ' global' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    calentamiento
    - general
    - mundial
    - recalentamiento
    - total
    English:
    board
    - global
    - grand
    - overall
    - package deal
    - blanket
    - comprehensive
    - GPS
    - inclusive
    - lump
    - net
    * * *
    global adj
    1. [acuerdo] general;
    [solución, enfoque] global; [análisis] comprehensive; [aumento] overall; [precio] total; Informát
    una búsqueda global a global search;
    lo compraron por un importe global de 10 millones they bought it for a total sum of 10 milllion
    2. [mundial] global, worldwide;
    una economía global a global economy
    * * *
    adj
    1 (de todo el mundo) global
    2 visión, resultado overall; cantidad total
    * * *
    global adj
    1) : global, worldwide
    2) : full, comprehensive
    3) : total, overall

    Spanish-English dictionary > global

  • 9 generalizado

    adj.
    generalized, endemic.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: generalizar.
    * * *
    1→ link=generalizar generalizar
    1 widespread, common
    * * *
    (f. - generalizada)
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ [crisis, creencia, guerra] widespread

    existe la creencia generalizada de que... — it is commonly o widely believed that..., there is a widely held belief that...

    * * *
    - da adjetivo < opinión> widespread
    * * *
    = generalised [generalized, -USA], all-pervasive [all pervasive], wide-scale, widespread, all-embracing, embracing, all-encompassing, encompassing.
    Ex. Although it is coy about admitting the fact it is only mentioned twice in the whole of the thirty pages of publicity material it is in effect a generalized and modernized Thesaurofacet: a facetted classification with a thesaurus structure forming an integral part.
    Ex. Countries should adopt strategies to prepare themselves for the all-pervasive influence of IT in people's lives in the 21st century.
    Ex. Without the stimuli of cooperative agencies, many programmes such as wide-scale interlibrary loan would not have developed so rapidly.
    Ex. Comment published so far is favourable, but the code still awaits widespread adoption.
    Ex. Some databases are very all-embracing in their coverage and attempt to provide comprehensive coverage of entire disciplines.
    Ex. What is needed is an embracing approach to guarantee freedom for Palestine and legitimacy for Israel.
    Ex. In publishing itself there is little use made of the all-encompassing schemes such as Dewey or the Library of Congress.
    Ex. By drawing Russia into an encompassing coalition with Europe and other powers, the risk of conflict will be diminished.
    ----
    * formato generalizado para la codificación de documentos web = generalised markup format.
    * muy generalizado = commonly-held, widely held.
    * protesta generalizada = public outcry.
    * * *
    - da adjetivo < opinión> widespread
    * * *
    = generalised [generalized, -USA], all-pervasive [all pervasive], wide-scale, widespread, all-embracing, embracing, all-encompassing, encompassing.

    Ex: Although it is coy about admitting the fact it is only mentioned twice in the whole of the thirty pages of publicity material it is in effect a generalized and modernized Thesaurofacet: a facetted classification with a thesaurus structure forming an integral part.

    Ex: Countries should adopt strategies to prepare themselves for the all-pervasive influence of IT in people's lives in the 21st century.
    Ex: Without the stimuli of cooperative agencies, many programmes such as wide-scale interlibrary loan would not have developed so rapidly.
    Ex: Comment published so far is favourable, but the code still awaits widespread adoption.
    Ex: Some databases are very all-embracing in their coverage and attempt to provide comprehensive coverage of entire disciplines.
    Ex: What is needed is an embracing approach to guarantee freedom for Palestine and legitimacy for Israel.
    Ex: In publishing itself there is little use made of the all-encompassing schemes such as Dewey or the Library of Congress.
    Ex: By drawing Russia into an encompassing coalition with Europe and other powers, the risk of conflict will be diminished.
    * formato generalizado para la codificación de documentos web = generalised markup format.
    * muy generalizado = commonly-held, widely held.
    * protesta generalizada = public outcry.

    * * *
    widespread
    una opinión generalizada entre la gente joven an opinion widely held among young people, a widespread opinion among young people
    * * *

    Del verbo generalizar: ( conjugate generalizar)

    generalizado es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    generalizado    
    generalizar
    generalizado
    ◊ -da adjetivo

    widespread
    generalizar ( conjugate generalizar) verbo intransitivo
    to generalize, make generalizations
    generalizarse verbo pronominal
    to spread
    generalizar verbo transitivo
    1 to generalize: no todos son así, no se puede generalizar, not all of them are like that, you can't generalize
    2 (extender, propagar) to spread

    ' generalizado' also found in these entries:
    English:
    full-scale
    - massive
    - widespread
    - general
    - mass
    - popular
    * * *
    generalizado, -a adj
    widespread
    * * *
    generalizado, -da adj
    : generalized, widespread
    * * *
    generalizado adj widespread

    Spanish-English dictionary > generalizado

  • 10 recomendación

    f.
    recommendation, advice, suggestion, piece of advice.
    * * *
    1 (consejo) recommendation, advice; (para empleo) reference
    ■ no sé qué hacer, ¿tienes alguna recomendación? I don't know what to do, have you any recommendations?
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=consejo) recommendation
    2) [para un trabajo] to recommend
    3) (Rel)
    * * *
    a) ( consejo)
    b) ( para empleo) reference, recommendation
    * * *
    = commendation, recommendation, testimonial.
    Ex. It's a staggering list of accomplishments, and considering bureaucracy and some of the internal problems of the Library of Congress, I think that the Library deserves a great deal of credit and commendation.
    Ex. Plainly such representative sections may not be present in many documents, but sometimes an extract from the results, conclusions or recommendations of a document may serve to identify the key issues covered by the entire document.
    Ex. 4 subjects were discussed at a seminar held on 3 successive weekends in Dec 86 on the training of librarians in job application: Curricula vitae; written applications; aspects of labour legislation (particularly testimonials); and interviews.
    ----
    * carta de recomendación = testimonial, letter of recommendation, letter of reference, reference letter.
    * Norma Británica 1749: Recomendaciones para la ordenación alfabética y el ord = BS (British Standard) 1749: Recommendations for alphabetical arrangement and the filing order of numerals and symbols.
    * recomendaciones = do's and don'ts, rights and wrongs.
    * * *
    a) ( consejo)
    b) ( para empleo) reference, recommendation
    * * *
    = commendation, recommendation, testimonial.

    Ex: It's a staggering list of accomplishments, and considering bureaucracy and some of the internal problems of the Library of Congress, I think that the Library deserves a great deal of credit and commendation.

    Ex: Plainly such representative sections may not be present in many documents, but sometimes an extract from the results, conclusions or recommendations of a document may serve to identify the key issues covered by the entire document.
    Ex: 4 subjects were discussed at a seminar held on 3 successive weekends in Dec 86 on the training of librarians in job application: Curricula vitae; written applications; aspects of labour legislation (particularly testimonials); and interviews.
    * carta de recomendación = testimonial, letter of recommendation, letter of reference, reference letter.
    * Norma Británica 1749: Recomendaciones para la ordenación alfabética y el ord = BS (British Standard) 1749: Recommendations for alphabetical arrangement and the filing order of numerals and symbols.
    * recomendaciones = do's and don'ts, rights and wrongs.

    * * *
    1
    (consejo): lo hizo por recomendación mía he did it on my recommendation o advice
    decidió irse, ignorando las recomendaciones de sus padres she decided to go, ignoring her parents' advice
    2 (para un empleo) reference, recommendation
    carta de recomendación letter of reference o recommendation
    * * *

     

    recomendación sustantivo femenino


    recomendación sustantivo femenino
    1 (consejo) recommendation, advice
    2 (para un empleo) reference, recommendation
    carta de recomendación, letter of introduction
    ' recomendación' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aval
    - carta
    - consejo
    - homologación
    - tener
    English:
    commendation
    - recommendation
    - reference
    - testimonial
    * * *
    1. [consejo] recommendation;
    siguió sus recomendaciones al pie de la letra he followed her advice to the letter;
    por recomendación de alguien on sb's advice o recommendation
    2. [referencia]
    (carta de) recomendación letter of recommendation
    3. [enchufe] recommendation;
    * * *
    f recommendation;
    por recomendación de on the recommendation of
    * * *
    recomendación nf, pl - ciones : recommendation
    * * *
    recomendación n recommendation

    Spanish-English dictionary > recomendación

  • 11 universal

    adj.
    1 universal (total).
    2 world (mundial).
    historia universal world history
    * * *
    1 universal
    1 (filosofía, lingüística, etc) universals
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ (=general) universal; (=mundial) world, world-wide
    * * *
    a) <ley/principio> universal
    b) <llave/enchufe> universal
    * * *
    = universal, all-encompassing, all-embracing, embracing, encompassing, all-purpose.
    Ex. Document analysis is, then, a universal tool.
    Ex. In publishing itself there is little use made of the all-encompassing schemes such as Dewey or the Library of Congress.
    Ex. Some databases are very all-embracing in their coverage and attempt to provide comprehensive coverage of entire disciplines.
    Ex. What is needed is an embracing approach to guarantee freedom for Palestine and legitimacy for Israel.
    Ex. By drawing Russia into an encompassing coalition with Europe and other powers, the risk of conflict will be diminished.
    Ex. In UDC the colon has to act as an ' all purpose' facet indicator to a very large extent.
    ----
    * casi universal = quasi-universal.
    * CBU (Control Bibliográfico Universal) = UBC (Universal Bibliographic Control).
    * escolarización universal = universal schooling.
    * SGML (Lenguaje Estándar Universal para el Análisis Formal de Documentos) = SGML (Standard Generalised Markup Language).
    * sistema de clasificación universal = universal classification scheme.
    * sufragio universal = universal suffrage.
    * UAP (Accesibilidad Universal a la Información) = UAP (Universal Availability of Information).
    * UDC (Clasificación Decimal Universal) = UDC (Universal Decimal Classification).
    * URI (Identificador Uniforme de Recursos) = URI (Uniform Resource Identifier).
    * * *
    a) <ley/principio> universal
    b) <llave/enchufe> universal
    * * *
    = universal, all-encompassing, all-embracing, embracing, encompassing, all-purpose.

    Ex: Document analysis is, then, a universal tool.

    Ex: In publishing itself there is little use made of the all-encompassing schemes such as Dewey or the Library of Congress.
    Ex: Some databases are very all-embracing in their coverage and attempt to provide comprehensive coverage of entire disciplines.
    Ex: What is needed is an embracing approach to guarantee freedom for Palestine and legitimacy for Israel.
    Ex: By drawing Russia into an encompassing coalition with Europe and other powers, the risk of conflict will be diminished.
    Ex: In UDC the colon has to act as an ' all purpose' facet indicator to a very large extent.
    * casi universal = quasi-universal.
    * CBU (Control Bibliográfico Universal) = UBC (Universal Bibliographic Control).
    * escolarización universal = universal schooling.
    * SGML (Lenguaje Estándar Universal para el Análisis Formal de Documentos) = SGML (Standard Generalised Markup Language).
    * sistema de clasificación universal = universal classification scheme.
    * sufragio universal = universal suffrage.
    * UAP (Accesibilidad Universal a la Información) = UAP (Universal Availability of Information).
    * UDC (Clasificación Decimal Universal) = UDC (Universal Decimal Classification).
    * URI (Identificador Uniforme de Recursos) = URI (Uniform Resource Identifier).

    * * *
    1 ‹ley/principio› universal
    una marca de fama universal a world-famous brand
    un escritor que trata temas universales a writer who deals with universal themes
    no tiene validez universal it is not universally valid
    2 ‹llave/enchufe› universal
    * * *

    universal adjetivo
    universal
    universal adjetivo
    1 (para todo el mundo: concepto, ley, etc) universal
    Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos, Universal Declaration of Human Rights
    (uso enfático) un actor de fama universal, a world-famous actor
    2 (del Universo) universal
    gravitación universal, universal gravitation
    ' universal' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    clásica
    - clásico
    - diluvio
    - exposición
    - sede
    - señera
    - señero
    - sufragio
    English:
    flood
    - universal
    - universal joint
    - U
    - washer
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [total] [acceso, idioma, sufragio] universal;
    un principio de validez universal a universally valid principle
    2. [mundial] world;
    historia universal world history;
    literatura universal world literature;
    un artista de fama universal a world-famous artist
    universals
    * * *
    adj universal
    * * *
    : universal
    * * *
    1. (ley, prinicpio) universal
    2. (historia, fama) world

    Spanish-English dictionary > universal

  • 12 sit

    1. [sıt] n
    1. подгонка ( под фигуру)

    they noticed the perfect sit of her dress - они заметили, что платье на ней сидит великолепно

    2. разг. место, служба, работа
    3. редк. сиденье
    4. тех. осадка; оседание
    2. [sıt] v (sat)
    I
    1. 1) сидеть

    to sit in an armchair [at a table] - сидеть в кресле [за столом]

    to sit cross-legged - а) сидеть, положив ногу на ногу; б) сидеть, поджав под себя ноги, сидеть по-турецки

    to sit in a tree [on a branch] - сидеть на дереве [на ветке]

    2) сажать, усаживать

    to sit oneself - садиться, усаживаться

    3) (with) сидеть с кем-л., ухаживать за кем-л.

    to sit with an invalid - сидеть с больным, быть сиделкой при больном

    4) работать приходящей няней; сидеть, оставаться с (чужими) детьми ( за плату)
    5) (through) высиживать до конца

    yes, I did sit through the entire programme - да, я досидел до конца программы

    2. 1) заседать, проводить заседание

    the House of Commons will sit at eight o'clock - заседание палаты общин начнётся в 8 часов

    to sit into midnight [into the early hours of the morning] - прозаседать до полуночи [до рассвета]

    2) разбирать, рассматривать; расследовать

    to sit on /over/ a case - разбирать /расследовать/ дело

    the committee is sitting on the question of procedure - сейчас комиссия обсуждает процедурные вопросы

    3) заседать в суде, быть судьёй

    to sit in judgement - а) быть судьёй, заседать в суде; б) (on) судить, осуждать; to sit in judgement upon smb. - сурово осуждать кого-л.

    3. 1) сосредоточенно заниматься (чем-л.); сидеть (над чем-л.)

    to sit over a book [a problem] - углубиться в книгу [в проблему]

    2) учиться, заниматься

    to sit for an examination - а) готовиться к экзамену; б) сдавать экзамен; to sit for university entrance - держать вступительные экзамены в университет

    4. 1) оставаться, пребывать

    to sit at home - а) сидеть дома; б) ничего не делать, сидеть сложа руки

    2) находиться, стоять

    a kettle siting on a stove - чайник, стоящий на плите

    the house sits well back from the road - дом далеко отстоит от дороги /находится вдали от дороги/

    5. вмещать, быть рассчитанным на какое-л. количество мест

    the car will sit six people comfortably - в машину свободно могут сесть шесть человек

    6. (on, upon) обременять, давить

    care sits (heavy) on his mind - его давит /тяготит/ забота

    his responsibilities sit but lightly upon him - обязанности не очень обременяют /не очень тяготят/ его

    her years sat lightly upon her - она хорошо сохранилась, она выглядела моложе своих лет

    7. (on) подавлять (чьё-л. сопротивление); осадить (кого-л.)

    that young man is becoming insufferable; he needs to be sat on firmly - этот молодой человек становится невыносимым, его надо решительно поставить на место

    8. (on) канц. затягивать, откладывать, мариновать

    to sit on plans - отложить в долгий ящик какие-л. планы

    he sat on those applications for a month - он промариновал эти заявления целый месяц

    9. засесть, устроить засаду
    10. редк. находиться, быть расположенным
    11. поэт. исходить (откуда-л.); иметь какое-л. направление

    in what quarter /corner/ sits the wind? - откуда ветер?

    12. (on) скрывать, засекречивать; противодействовать публикации, преданию гласности

    to sit on a report - скрыть от общественности /засекретить/ доклад

    II А
    1. 1) позировать (художнику, фотографу)

    to sit for one's portrait [for one's photograph] - позировать для портрета [перед фотоаппаратом]

    2) служить прототипом ( образа)

    to sit for a novel character - послужить прототипом литературного персонажа

    2. 1) быть членом (какой-л. комиссии и т. п.); занимать пост (в каком-л. учреждении)

    to sit in Parliament [in Congress] - быть членом парламента [конгресса]

    to sit on a board [on a committee] - быть членом правления [комитета]

    to sit on a jury - а) входить в жюри; б) быть присяжным заседателем

    2) (for) представлять (в парламенте и т. п.)

    to sit for N., to sit for the borough /for the constituency/ of N. - представлять (в парламенте) избирательный округ N.; быть депутатом от N.

    3. 1) сидеть ( о платье)

    the dress sits too close on /across/ the shoulders - платье узко в плечах

    2) подходить; приличествовать

    his new dignity sits rather awkwardly upon him - в новом положении он чувствует себя неуверенно

    a light scepticism sits gracefully on him - ему идёт лёгкий налёт скептицизма

    the name of reformer sits ill with him - звание реформатора ему не подходит /не к лицу/

    4. 1) высиживать ( птенцов); сидеть на яйцах
    2) сажать на яйца
    5. держаться ( на лошади)

    to sit a horse gracefully [well] - изящно [хорошо] держаться на лошади

    to sit tight - крепко сидеть в седле [см. тж. ♢ ]

    6. спорт. иметь правильную позицию ( о гребце)
    7. стоять ( о судне)

    to sit the water well - хорошо держаться на воде /на волне/

    ♢

    to sit on one's hands - а) воздерживаться от аплодисментов /от выражения одобрения/; б) бездействовать; палец о палец не ударить

    to sit on the fence /on the rail/ - выжидать, занимать нейтральную /выжидательную/ позицию

    to sit still - вести себя мирно; ≅ быть тише воды, ниже травы

    to sit pretty - быть в выгодном /выигрышном/ положении

    to sit fat - быть у власти; пользоваться влиянием; командовать

    to sit tight - а) крепко сидеть /удерживаться/ на своём месте; б) стойко держаться, не сдаваться; в) сидеть тихо, не выдавать своего присутствия; скрываться; г) выжидать; бездействовать в ожидании; [см. тж. 5]

    to sit at smb.'s feet - быть чьим-л. учеником, последователем

    НБАРС > sit

  • 13 general2

    2 = all-embracing, broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], comprehensive, general, large [larger -comp., largest -sup.], sweeping, ubiquitous, umbrella, widespread, pervasive, blanket, all-encompassing, broadly based, wide-ranging [wide ranging], overriding, broad-based [broad based], wide-scale, overarching, received, epidemic, pandemic, wide-angle(d), generalised [generalized, -USA], embracing, encompassing.
    Ex. Some databases are very all-embracing in their coverage and attempt to provide comprehensive coverage of entire disciplines.
    Ex. This broader consideration of descriptive cataloguing problems serves to set a context for the consideration of cataloguing problems associated with nonbook materials.
    Ex. One of the factors to consider in the selection of a data base is whether the data base is comprehensive or not.
    Ex. Nevertheless, the fact that these general lists cannot serve for every application has triggered a search for more consistent approaches.
    Ex. Serial searching for a string of characters is usually performed on a small subset of a large file.
    Ex. Such a statement of objectives may appear narrowly defined in its practices and yet, at the same time, rather sweeping in its assumptions.
    Ex. Worldwide, however, the printed book is still the most ubiquitous source of record = Sin embargo, el libro impreso es aún en todo el mundo la fuente de información escrita más común.
    Ex. This article describes how an ' umbrella licence' was obtained covering a group of libraries within the region.
    Ex. Comment published so far is favourable, but the code still awaits widespread adoption.
    Ex. The unease is pervasive, not an occasional outcropping of discontent.
    Ex. Likert in no way attempts to make a blanket prescription for employee-centered supervisory styles.
    Ex. In publishing itself there is little use made of the all-encompassing schemes such as Dewey or the Library of Congress.
    Ex. Library schools are offering broadly based courses with increasing emphasis on technology and information systems, but practising librarians still need the traditional skills.
    Ex. The contents of this handbook are comprehensive and wide-ranging.
    Ex. Consequently, the overriding demand made by the academic community is bibliographical in nature.
    Ex. However, the organisation is well on its way to becoming a broad-based provider of databases and end-user oriented information services in all areas of engineering.
    Ex. Without the stimuli of cooperative agencies, many programmes such as wide-scale interlibrary loan would not have developed so rapidly.
    Ex. There appears to be an unhealthy tendency among information technology professionals to elevate any single, highly successful practical experience instantly into an overarching paradigm for managerial success.
    Ex. It was interesting, in view of the received opinion that 'We don't have many problems round here'.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the epidemic growth of its literature' = El artículo se titula "El síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA) y el crecimiento exponencial de su literatura".
    Ex. Test score data were broken down to show that the decline is pandemic throughout the culture & not limited to sex, race, or class variables.
    Ex. Except for the principal no one besides the librarian has such a wide-angle view of the school's instructional programme.
    Ex. Although it is coy about admitting the fact it is only mentioned twice in the whole of the thirty pages of publicity material it is in effect a generalized and modernized Thesaurofacet: a facetted classification with a thesaurus structure forming an integral part.
    Ex. What is needed is an embracing approach to guarantee freedom for Palestine and legitimacy for Israel.
    Ex. By drawing Russia into an encompassing coalition with Europe and other powers, the risk of conflict will be diminished.
    ----
    * abogado general = advocate-general.
    * Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles y Comercio (GATT) = General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
    * anestesia general = general anaesthesia.
    * asamblea general = general assembly.
    * biblioteca general = general library.
    * como norma general = as a general rule of thumb, as a rough guide.
    * consenso general = general consensus.
    * creencia general = conventional wisdom.
    * criterio general = rule of thumb.
    * dar una idea general = paint + a broad picture.
    * de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.
    * de forma general = bulk.
    * de interés general = of general interest.
    * de lo general a lo particular = from the general to the particular.
    * de lo particular a lo general = from the particular to the general.
    * de propósito general = general-purpose.
    * describir en líneas generales = outline.
    * desde un punto de vista general = in a broad sense.
    * desde un punto de vista más general = in a broader sense.
    * designación general de la clase de documento = general material designation.
    * de tipo general = broad scoped.
    * de un modo muy general = crudely.
    * de utilidad general = all-purpose.
    * director general = senior director.
    * elección general = general election.
    * encabezamiento demasiado general = much-too-broad heading.
    * encabezamiento informativo general = general explanatory heading.
    * en el sentido más general = in the broadest sense.
    * en general = at large, by and large, for the most part, generally, in general, in the main, on balance, on the whole, overall, broadly, as a whole, generally speaking.
    * en líneas generales = broadly speaking, generally, on the whole, in basic outline, roughly speaking, as a rough guide.
    * ensayo general = dress rehearsal.
    * en su sentido más general = in its/their broadest sense.
    * en términos generales = in broad terms, generally speaking.
    * en un sentido general = in a broad sense.
    * en un sentido más general = in a broader sense.
    * esquema general = outline.
    * gobernador general = Governor General.
    * hablando en términos generales = loosely speaking.
    * idea general = rough idea.
    * índice general = general index.
    * informe sobre el estado general de las carreteras = road report.
    * instrucción general = blanket instruction.
    * interés general = public interest.
    * la comunidad en general = the community at large.
    * la sociedad en general = society at large.
    * materia más general = broader subject.
    * norma general = rule of thumb.
    * Norma General Internacional para la Descripción de Archivvos (ISAD-G) = General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)).
    * opinión general = consensus of opinion, conventional wisdom.
    * opinión general, la = received wisdom, the.
    * parálisis general = general paresis.
    * población en general, la = general population, the.
    * por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.
    * público en general = broader audience, broad audience, broad public, broader public.
    * público en general, el = general public, the.
    * Secretaría General = Secretariat.
    * ser de uso general = be generally available.
    * sistema de clasificación general = general scheme.
    * Sistema General de Ordenación (SGO) = Broad System of Ordering (BSO).
    * una guía general = a rough guide.
    * una idea general = a rough guide.

    Spanish-English dictionary > general2

  • 14 integral1

    1 = integral, all-inclusive, all-embracing, embracing, all-encompassing, encompassing.
    Ex. The article 'Closing the gap between desirability and achievability' argues for a more central and integral role for the library on campus.
    Ex. It is not an all-inclusive listing of materials on this topic.
    Ex. Some databases are very all-embracing in their coverage and attempt to provide comprehensive coverage of entire disciplines.
    Ex. What is needed is an embracing approach to guarantee freedom for Palestine and legitimacy for Israel.
    Ex. In publishing itself there is little use made of the all-encompassing schemes such as Dewey or the Library of Congress.
    Ex. By drawing Russia into an encompassing coalition with Europe and other powers, the risk of conflict will be diminished.
    ----
    * Cuadro de Mando Integral (CMI) = Balanced Scorecard (BSC).
    * ecuación integral = integral equation.
    * formar parte integral = form + an integral part.

    Spanish-English dictionary > integral1

  • 15 general

    adj.
    general.
    tener nociones generales de griego to have a general knowledge of Greek
    esa es la opinión general de los que no leen los periódicos that's what people who don't read the papers usually think
    por lo general, en general in general, generally
    por lo general, suelo ir en tren I generally go by train, in general I go by train
    m.
    general (military).
    general de división major general
    * * *
    1 general
    2 (común) common, usual, widespread
    1 (oficial) general
    \
    en general in general, generally
    por lo general in general, generally
    * * *
    noun mf. adj.
    - por lo general
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=común, no detallado) general

    una visión general de los problemas del país — an overall o general view of the problems of the country

    2)

    en general —

    a) [con verbo] generally, in general

    en general, las críticas de la obra han sido favorables — generally (speaking) o in general, the play has received favourable criticism

    b) [detrás de s] in general

    literatura, música y arte en general — literature, music and the arts in general

    3)

    iban a visitarla, por lo general, dos o tres veces al año — they generally went to see her two or three times a year

    los resultados son, por lo general, bastante buenos — in general o on the whole, the results are pretty good

    2.
    SMF (Mil) general
    3.
    SM (Rel) general
    4. SF
    1) (tb: carretera general)
    Esp main road
    2) (tb: clasificación general) (Ciclismo) general classification
    3)
    * * *
    I
    a) (no específico, global) general

    en general — on the whole, in general

    por lo general: por lo general llega a las nueve she usually o generally arrives at nine; por lo general prefiero ir en auto — in general I prefer to drive

    II
    masculino y femenino (Mil) general
    * * *
    I
    a) (no específico, global) general

    en general — on the whole, in general

    por lo general: por lo general llega a las nueve she usually o generally arrives at nine; por lo general prefiero ir en auto — in general I prefer to drive

    II
    masculino y femenino (Mil) general
    * * *
    general1
    1 = general.
    Nota: Nombre.

    Ex: It should not be assumed that this has got to be a semiformal talk, followed by a few halfhearted questions: a kind of general's visit to the barracks.

    * como norma general = as a general rule.

    general2
    2 = all-embracing, broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], comprehensive, general, large [larger -comp., largest -sup.], sweeping, ubiquitous, umbrella, widespread, pervasive, blanket, all-encompassing, broadly based, wide-ranging [wide ranging], overriding, broad-based [broad based], wide-scale, overarching, received, epidemic, pandemic, wide-angle(d), generalised [generalized, -USA], embracing, encompassing.

    Ex: Some databases are very all-embracing in their coverage and attempt to provide comprehensive coverage of entire disciplines.

    Ex: This broader consideration of descriptive cataloguing problems serves to set a context for the consideration of cataloguing problems associated with nonbook materials.
    Ex: One of the factors to consider in the selection of a data base is whether the data base is comprehensive or not.
    Ex: Nevertheless, the fact that these general lists cannot serve for every application has triggered a search for more consistent approaches.
    Ex: Serial searching for a string of characters is usually performed on a small subset of a large file.
    Ex: Such a statement of objectives may appear narrowly defined in its practices and yet, at the same time, rather sweeping in its assumptions.
    Ex: Worldwide, however, the printed book is still the most ubiquitous source of record = Sin embargo, el libro impreso es aún en todo el mundo la fuente de información escrita más común.
    Ex: This article describes how an ' umbrella licence' was obtained covering a group of libraries within the region.
    Ex: Comment published so far is favourable, but the code still awaits widespread adoption.
    Ex: The unease is pervasive, not an occasional outcropping of discontent.
    Ex: Likert in no way attempts to make a blanket prescription for employee-centered supervisory styles.
    Ex: In publishing itself there is little use made of the all-encompassing schemes such as Dewey or the Library of Congress.
    Ex: Library schools are offering broadly based courses with increasing emphasis on technology and information systems, but practising librarians still need the traditional skills.
    Ex: The contents of this handbook are comprehensive and wide-ranging.
    Ex: Consequently, the overriding demand made by the academic community is bibliographical in nature.
    Ex: However, the organisation is well on its way to becoming a broad-based provider of databases and end-user oriented information services in all areas of engineering.
    Ex: Without the stimuli of cooperative agencies, many programmes such as wide-scale interlibrary loan would not have developed so rapidly.
    Ex: There appears to be an unhealthy tendency among information technology professionals to elevate any single, highly successful practical experience instantly into an overarching paradigm for managerial success.
    Ex: It was interesting, in view of the received opinion that 'We don't have many problems round here'.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the epidemic growth of its literature' = El artículo se titula "El síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA) y el crecimiento exponencial de su literatura".
    Ex: Test score data were broken down to show that the decline is pandemic throughout the culture & not limited to sex, race, or class variables.
    Ex: Except for the principal no one besides the librarian has such a wide-angle view of the school's instructional programme.
    Ex: Although it is coy about admitting the fact it is only mentioned twice in the whole of the thirty pages of publicity material it is in effect a generalized and modernized Thesaurofacet: a facetted classification with a thesaurus structure forming an integral part.
    Ex: What is needed is an embracing approach to guarantee freedom for Palestine and legitimacy for Israel.
    Ex: By drawing Russia into an encompassing coalition with Europe and other powers, the risk of conflict will be diminished.
    * abogado general = advocate-general.
    * Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles y Comercio (GATT) = General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
    * anestesia general = general anaesthesia.
    * asamblea general = general assembly.
    * biblioteca general = general library.
    * como norma general = as a general rule of thumb, as a rough guide.
    * consenso general = general consensus.
    * creencia general = conventional wisdom.
    * criterio general = rule of thumb.
    * dar una idea general = paint + a broad picture.
    * de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.
    * de forma general = bulk.
    * de interés general = of general interest.
    * de lo general a lo particular = from the general to the particular.
    * de lo particular a lo general = from the particular to the general.
    * de propósito general = general-purpose.
    * describir en líneas generales = outline.
    * desde un punto de vista general = in a broad sense.
    * desde un punto de vista más general = in a broader sense.
    * designación general de la clase de documento = general material designation.
    * de tipo general = broad scoped.
    * de un modo muy general = crudely.
    * de utilidad general = all-purpose.
    * director general = senior director.
    * elección general = general election.
    * encabezamiento demasiado general = much-too-broad heading.
    * encabezamiento informativo general = general explanatory heading.
    * en el sentido más general = in the broadest sense.
    * en general = at large, by and large, for the most part, generally, in general, in the main, on balance, on the whole, overall, broadly, as a whole, generally speaking.
    * en líneas generales = broadly speaking, generally, on the whole, in basic outline, roughly speaking, as a rough guide.
    * ensayo general = dress rehearsal.
    * en su sentido más general = in its/their broadest sense.
    * en términos generales = in broad terms, generally speaking.
    * en un sentido general = in a broad sense.
    * en un sentido más general = in a broader sense.
    * esquema general = outline.
    * gobernador general = Governor General.
    * hablando en términos generales = loosely speaking.
    * idea general = rough idea.
    * índice general = general index.
    * informe sobre el estado general de las carreteras = road report.
    * instrucción general = blanket instruction.
    * interés general = public interest.
    * la comunidad en general = the community at large.
    * la sociedad en general = society at large.
    * materia más general = broader subject.
    * norma general = rule of thumb.
    * Norma General Internacional para la Descripción de Archivvos (ISAD-G) = General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)).
    * opinión general = consensus of opinion, conventional wisdom.
    * opinión general, la = received wisdom, the.
    * parálisis general = general paresis.
    * población en general, la = general population, the.
    * por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.
    * público en general = broader audience, broad audience, broad public, broader public.
    * público en general, el = general public, the.
    * Secretaría General = Secretariat.
    * ser de uso general = be generally available.
    * sistema de clasificación general = general scheme.
    * Sistema General de Ordenación (SGO) = Broad System of Ordering (BSO).
    * una guía general = a rough guide.
    * una idea general = a rough guide.

    * * *
    1 (no específico, global) general
    el estado general del enfermo the patient's general condition
    temas de interés general subjects of general interest
    el pronóstico general del tiempo para mañana the general weather forecast for tomorrow
    el país está pasando una crisis a nivel general the country as a whole is going through a crisis
    me habló del proyecto en líneas generales she gave me a broad outline of the project
    un panorama general de la situación an overall view o an overview of the situation
    tiene nociones generales de informática he has a general idea about information technology
    2 ( en locs):
    en general on the whole, in general
    ¿qué tal el viaje? — en general bien how was the trip? — good, on the whole
    en general prefiero el vino blanco on the whole o in general, I prefer white wine
    el público en general the general public
    ¿qué te molesta de él? — todo en general y nada en particular what don't you like about him? — everything and nothing
    por lo general: por lo general los domingos nos levantamos tarde we usually o generally get up late on Sundays
    por lo general llega a las nueve she usually o generally arrives at nine, she arrives at nine as a rule
    por lo general prefiero una novela a un ensayo in general I prefer novels to essays
    3
    generales fpl ( Esp) ( Pol) general elections
    1 ( Mil) general
    2 ( Relig) general
    Compuestos:
    (en el ejército) ≈ major general, brigadier general ( in US), brigadier ( in UK); (en las fuerzas aéreas) ≈ brigadier general ( in US), ≈ air commodore ( in UK)
    (en el ejército) ≈ major general; (en las fuerzas aéreas) ≈ major general ( in US), ≈ air vice marshal ( in UK)
    * * *

     

    Multiple Entries:
    Gral.    
    general
    Gral. sustantivo masculino (
    ◊ General) Gen.

    general adjetivo
    a) (no específico, global) general;


    hablando en líneas generales broadly speaking;
    un panorama general de la situación an overall view of the situation
    b) ( en locs)


    el público en general the general public;
    por lo general as a (general) rule
    ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino (Mil) general
    general
    I adjetivo general
    director general, general manager, director-general
    huelga general, general strike
    secretario general, Secretary-General
    II m Mil Rel general
    ♦ Locuciones: por lo o en general, in general, generally
    ' general' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abogada
    - abogado
    - anestesia
    - asesinar
    - bachillerato
    - bien
    - camino
    - capitán
    - capitana
    - cerrarse
    - CGPJ
    - ciudad
    - comida
    - cuartel
    - decretar
    - desbandada
    - DGT
    - economía
    - EGB
    - el
    - elección
    - enferma
    - enfermo
    - ensayo
    - entre
    - error
    - esperar
    - fiscal
    - golpista
    - gral.
    - huelga
    - ladrón
    - ladrona
    - lata
    - lista
    - LOGSE
    - mayoría
    - nombrar
    - panorama
    - parecerse
    - piso
    - policlínica
    - política
    - protesta
    - pública
    - público
    - regalar
    - regla
    - sazón
    - secretaría
    English:
    AGM
    - all-out
    - as
    - Attorney General
    - backdrop
    - blanket
    - booze
    - bosom
    - breast
    - buck
    - crime
    - current
    - disheveled
    - dishevelled
    - dress
    - dress rehearsal
    - dry run
    - education
    - election
    - GATT
    - GCE
    - GCSE
    - general
    - general anaesthetic
    - general assembly
    - general election
    - general knowledge
    - general practice
    - general practitioner
    - general public
    - generally
    - GP
    - GPO
    - headquarters
    - HQ
    - large
    - main
    - managing
    - master
    - mobilize
    - most
    - opposite
    - outline
    - overall
    - overview
    - Postmaster General
    - practitioner
    - prevailing
    - public
    - quash
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [común] general;
    sólo tengo unas nociones muy generales de griego I only have a very general knowledge of Greek;
    esa es la opinión general de los que no leen los periódicos that's what people who don't read the papers usually think;
    mi valoración general es negativa my overall opinion of it is negative
    2. [en frases]
    por lo general, en general in general, generally;
    los candidatos, en general, estaban muy cualificados the candidates were generally very well qualified, in general, the candidates were very well qualified;
    en general el clima es seco on the whole, the climate is dry, the climate is generally dry;
    ¿qué tal te va la vida? – en general, no me puedo quejar how's life treating you? – I can't complain, on the whole;
    por lo general, suelo ir en tren I generally go by train, in general I go by train
    ♦ nm
    Mil general general de brigada Br brigadier, US brigadier general;
    general de división major general
    ♦ nf
    Dep [clasificación] overall standings;
    con su victoria se ha puesto segunda en la general her victory has moved her up to second place in the overall standings
    * * *
    I adj general;
    en general in general;
    por lo general usually, generally
    II m general
    * * *
    general adj
    1) : general
    2)
    por lo general : in general, generally
    general nmf
    1) : general
    2)
    general de división : major general
    * * *
    general1 adj general
    general2 n (militar) general

    Spanish-English dictionary > general

  • 16 integral

    adj.
    1 total, complete (total).
    2 wholemeal (British), wholewheat (United States)(unrefined) (bread, flour, pasta).
    3 integral (constituyente).
    4 comprehensive, integral, holistic.
    5 honest, with principles, principled, complete.
    6 whole-grain, wholewheat, whole, wholemeal.
    f.
    integral (Mat).
    m.
    integral.
    * * *
    1 (intrínseco) integral; (completo) full
    2 (pan, pasta) wholemeal; (arroz) brown
    1 MATEMÁTICAS integral
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=entero) [cereal] wholegrain; [arroz] brown; [pan, harina] wholemeal
    2) (=total) [plan, reforma, servicio] comprehensive, all-round
    3) (=integrante) integral, built-in
    4) (=redomado) total, complete

    un idiota integral — a total o complete fool

    5) (Mat) integral
    2.
    SF (Mat) integral
    * * *
    I
    a) (completo, total) comprehensive
    b) ( incorporado) built-in
    II
    femenino (Mat) integral
    * * *
    I
    a) (completo, total) comprehensive
    b) ( incorporado) built-in
    II
    femenino (Mat) integral
    * * *
    integral1
    1 = integral, all-inclusive, all-embracing, embracing, all-encompassing, encompassing.

    Ex: The article 'Closing the gap between desirability and achievability' argues for a more central and integral role for the library on campus.

    Ex: It is not an all-inclusive listing of materials on this topic.
    Ex: Some databases are very all-embracing in their coverage and attempt to provide comprehensive coverage of entire disciplines.
    Ex: What is needed is an embracing approach to guarantee freedom for Palestine and legitimacy for Israel.
    Ex: In publishing itself there is little use made of the all-encompassing schemes such as Dewey or the Library of Congress.
    Ex: By drawing Russia into an encompassing coalition with Europe and other powers, the risk of conflict will be diminished.
    * Cuadro de Mando Integral (CMI) = Balanced Scorecard (BSC).
    * ecuación integral = integral equation.
    * formar parte integral = form + an integral part.

    integral2
    2 = wholewheat, wholemeal, wholegrain.

    Ex: Her mid-morning meal is normally about 10:30 and consists of about a cup of wholewheat pasta, two tins of tuna, onion and mayo.

    Ex: In this article I outline four compelling reasons for making the switch to wholemeal products.
    Ex: Wholemeal breads and pastas, high-fibre cereals and brown rice are wholegrain foods.
    * arroz integral = brown rice.
    * harina integral = wholemeal flour.
    * pan integral = wholemeal bread.

    * * *
    1 (completo, total) ‹plan› comprehensive, all-embracing; ‹reforma/educación› comprehensive
    el aprovechamiento integral de los escasos medios disponibles the maximum use of the limited resources available
    el desnudo integral full-frontal nudity
    [ S ] belleza integral all-round beauty treatment
    arroz, pan, parte2 (↑ parte (2))
    2 (incorporado) built-in
    integral
    * * *

     

    integral adjetivo
    a) (completo, total) comprehensive


    integral
    I adjetivo integral
    pan integral, whole-grain bread
    II f Mat integral
    ' integral' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    arroz
    - integrante
    - pan
    - alimentación
    - incorporado
    English:
    bread
    - brown rice
    - digestive biscuit
    - holistic
    - integral
    - nutritional
    - pumpernickel
    - rice
    - wholemeal
    - wholewheat
    - brown
    - comprehensive
    - fitted
    - four
    - whole
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [total] total, complete;
    una educación integral an all-round education;
    contiene desnudos integrales there are scenes of total nudity;
    Fam
    es un idiota integral he's a total o complete idiot
    2. [esencial] integral;
    la creación de empleo es parte integral del plan job creation is an integral part of the plan
    3. [sin refinar] [pan, harina, pasta] Br wholemeal, US wholewheat;
    [arroz] brown
    4. [constituyente] integral;
    ser parte integral de algo to be an integral part of sth
    5. Mat [cálculo] integral
    ♦ nf
    Mat integral
    * * *
    I adj
    1 complete
    2 alimento wholewheat, Br
    wholemeal
    3 MAT integral;
    cálculo integral integral calculus
    II f integral
    * * *
    1) : integral, essential
    2)
    pan integral : whole grain bread
    * * *
    1. (en general) integral
    2. (pan, etc) wholemeal

    Spanish-English dictionary > integral

  • 17 Salazar, Antônio de Oliveira

    (1889-1970)
       The Coimbra University professor of finance and economics and one of the founders of the Estado Novo, who came to dominate Western Europe's longest surviving authoritarian system. Salazar was born on 28 April 1889, in Vimieiro, Beira Alta province, the son of a peasant estate manager and a shopkeeper. Most of his first 39 years were spent as a student, and later as a teacher in a secondary school and a professor at Coimbra University's law school. Nine formative years were spent at Viseu's Catholic Seminary (1900-09), preparing for the Catholic priesthood, but the serious, studious Salazar decided to enter Coimbra University instead in 1910, the year the Braganza monarchy was overthrown and replaced by the First Republic. Salazar received some of the highest marks of his generation of students and, in 1918, was awarded a doctoral degree in finance and economics. Pleading inexperience, Salazar rejected an invitation in August 1918 to become finance minister in the "New Republic" government of President Sidónio Pais.
       As a celebrated academic who was deeply involved in Coimbra University politics, publishing works on the troubled finances of the besieged First Republic, and a leader of Catholic organizations, Sala-zar was not as modest, reclusive, or unknown as later official propaganda led the public to believe. In 1921, as a Catholic deputy, he briefly served in the First Republic's turbulent congress (parliament) but resigned shortly after witnessing but one stormy session. Salazar taught at Coimbra University as of 1916, and continued teaching until April 1928. When the military overthrew the First Republic in May 1926, Salazar was offered the Ministry of Finance and held office for several days. The ascetic academic, however, resigned his post when he discovered the degree of disorder in Lisbon's government and when his demands for budget authority were rejected.
       As the military dictatorship failed to reform finances in the following years, Salazar was reinvited to become minister of finances in April 1928. Since his conditions for acceptance—authority over all budget expenditures, among other powers—were accepted, Salazar entered the government. Using the Ministry of Finance as a power base, following several years of successful financial reforms, Salazar was named interim minister of colonies (1930) and soon garnered sufficient prestige and authority to become head of the entire government. In July 1932, Salazar was named prime minister, the first civilian to hold that post since the 1926 military coup.
       Salazar gathered around him a team of largely academic experts in the cabinet during the period 1930-33. His government featured several key policies: Portuguese nationalism, colonialism (rebuilding an empire in shambles), Catholicism, and conservative fiscal management. Salazar's government came to be called the Estado Novo. It went through three basic phases during Salazar's long tenure in office, and Salazar's role underwent changes as well. In the early years (1928-44), Salazar and the Estado Novo enjoyed greater vigor and popularity than later. During the middle years (1944—58), the regime's popularity waned, methods of repression increased and hardened, and Salazar grew more dogmatic in his policies and ways. During the late years (1958-68), the regime experienced its most serious colonial problems, ruling circles—including Salazar—aged and increasingly failed, and opposition burgeoned and grew bolder.
       Salazar's plans for stabilizing the economy and strengthening social and financial programs were shaken with the impact of the civil war (1936-39) in neighboring Spain. Salazar strongly supported General Francisco Franco's Nationalist rebels, the eventual victors in the war. But, as the civil war ended and World War II began in September 1939, Salazar's domestic plans had to be adjusted. As Salazar came to monopolize Lisbon's power and authority—indeed to embody the Estado Novo itself—during crises that threatened the future of the regime, he assumed ever more key cabinet posts. At various times between 1936 and 1944, he took over the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and of War (Defense), until the crises passed. At the end of the exhausting period of World War II, there were rumors that the former professor would resign from government and return to Coimbra University, but Salazar continued as the increasingly isolated, dominating "recluse of São Bento," that part of the parliament's buildings housing the prime minister's offices and residence.
       Salazar dominated the Estado Novo's government in several ways: in day-to-day governance, although this diminished as he delegated wider powers to others after 1944, and in long-range policy decisions, as well as in the spirit and image of the system. He also launched and dominated the single party, the União Nacional. A lifelong bachelor who had once stated that he could not leave for Lisbon because he had to care for his aged mother, Salazar never married, but lived with a beloved housekeeper from his Coimbra years and two adopted daughters. During his 36-year tenure as prime minister, Salazar engineered the important cabinet reshuffles that reflect the history of the Estado Novo and of Portugal.
       A number of times, in connection with significant events, Salazar decided on important cabinet officer changes: 11 April 1933 (the adoption of the Estado Novo's new 1933 Constitution); 18 January 1936 (the approach of civil war in Spain and the growing threat of international intervention in Iberian affairs during the unstable Second Spanish Republic of 1931-36); 4 September 1944 (the Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy and the increasing likelihood of a defeat of the Fascists by the Allies, which included the Soviet Union); 14 August 1958 (increased domestic dissent and opposition following the May-June 1958 presidential elections in which oppositionist and former regime stalwart-loyalist General Humberto Delgado garnered at least 25 percent of the national vote, but lost to regime candidate, Admiral Américo Tomás); 13 April 1961 (following the shock of anticolonial African insurgency in Portugal's colony of Angola in January-February 1961, the oppositionist hijacking of a Portuguese ocean liner off South America by Henrique Galvão, and an abortive military coup that failed to oust Salazar from office); and 19 August 1968 (the aging of key leaders in the government, including the now gravely ill Salazar, and the defection of key younger followers).
       In response to the 1961 crisis in Africa and to threats to Portuguese India from the Indian government, Salazar assumed the post of minister of defense (April 1961-December 1962). The failing leader, whose true state of health was kept from the public for as long as possible, appointed a group of younger cabinet officers in the 1960s, but no likely successors were groomed to take his place. Two of the older generation, Teotónio Pereira, who was in bad health, and Marcello Caetano, who preferred to remain at the University of Lisbon or in private law practice, remained in the political wilderness.
       As the colonial wars in three African territories grew more costly, Salazar became more isolated from reality. On 3 August 1968, while resting at his summer residence, the Fortress of São João do Estoril outside Lisbon, a deck chair collapsed beneath Salazar and his head struck the hard floor. Some weeks later, as a result, Salazar was incapacitated by a stroke and cerebral hemorrhage, was hospitalized, and became an invalid. While hesitating to fill the power vacuum that had unexpectedly appeared, President Tomás finally replaced Salazar as prime minister on 27 September 1968, with his former protégé and colleague, Marcello Caetano. Salazar was not informed that he no longer headed the government, but he never recovered his health. On 27 July 1970, Salazar died in Lisbon and was buried at Santa Comba Dão, Vimieiro, his village and place of birth.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Salazar, Antônio de Oliveira

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